Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients having mandibular first deciduous molar indicated for extraction due to extensive coronal caries beyond possible repair, root caries and/or failed pulp therapy. * Caries free, or restored mandibular second primary molars and deciduous canines on the side of the extraction maintained throughout the entire follow-up period. * Children are classified as cooperative or potentially cooperative according to Wright's classification of child behavior. * According to space analysis, available space is less than or equal to the needed space * 1/3 to less than 2/3 of the root of the permanent successor is formed to the prematurely lost primary molars * Children are mentally capable of communication. * Children aged 4-6 years Exclusion Criteria: * Children with any parafunctional habits. * Children with previous allergies to stainless steel. * Permanent successors with 2/3 of its roots formed and space analysis does not indicate the fabrication of space maintainer. * Parental refusal of participation.