Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients undergoing mini PCNL to treat renal stones with a cumulative stone diameter 2-5 cm and completing at least a 3 month's follow-up * Cases performed by surgeons beyond their learning curves * Patients aged \> 18 * Unenhanced CT scan carried out within 3 months pre-operatively * Post-operative follow-up carried out according to our study protocol, with NCCT carried out within 2-3 months after surgery * ASA 1-2 * Patients with normal weight (BMI: 18-25) * Participant is willing and able to give informed consent to the proposed surgical treatment and agreeing to be enrolled in the study. Exclusion Criteria:• Contraindications to surgical treatment * PCNL performed for proximal ureteric stones * Urinary tract with abnormal anatomy * Obese patients * ASA\>3 * Patients with pyonephrosis * Patients on anticoaugulants * Preoperative CT scan not within 3 months before surgery * Pregnant patients * Patients younger than 18 years of age