Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Age ≥ 18 and ≤ 80 years; * Body Mass Height Index (BMI) 18\<BMI\<30kg/㎡; * Patients identified by the investigator as suitable for general, gynaecological and thoracic surgery; * Written informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: * Need for emergency surgery (e.g. gastric cancer, colorectal cancer combined with perforation, bleeding, obstruction, etc.); * With other malignancies or a previous history of other malignancies. * Preoperative imaging suggests that the tumour has distant metastases. * The patient has a history of relevant surgery or previous history of other malignancy and is judged by the investigator to be unsuitable for enrolment. * Severe bleeding tendencies or coagulopathic disorders. * With long-term use of anticoagulant and anti-platelet drugs (anti-platelet aggregation drugs discontinued less than 1 week prior to surgery), history of bleeding disorders or hematopoietic or coagulation disorders. * Significant immunodeficiency due to underlying illness (e.g. HIV/AIDS) and/or medication (e.g. systemic corticosteroids). * Women who are pregnant or nursing an infant. * With severe allergies and suspected or established alcohol, drug or substance addiction. * Other conditions which, in the opinion of the investigator, make participation in this trial inappropriate.