Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Diagnosed with primary knee osteoarthritis based on symptoms, physical examination, and imaging, with X-ray showing Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) stage III or higher. 2. Severe knee pain with functional limitations, unresponsive to conservative treatment, and scheduled for unilateral primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). 3. No severe knee deformity (flexion deformity \>30°, varus \>20°, or valgus \>10°). 4. Patients undergoing manual surgery with traditional instruments. Exclusion Criteria: 1. History of long-term anticoagulant use for more than 3 months due to cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease and failure to stop medication (Aspirin/Clopidogrel \<7 days, Warfarin \<5 days, or Reserpine \<7 days), or the presence of the following conditions: renal insufficiency (blood urea nitrogen ≥25.3 mmol/L or serum creatinine ≥442 μmol/L), liver insufficiency (ALT or AST ≥80 U/L), severe heart disease (or coronary stent placement within the last 12 months), severe respiratory disease (lung function FEV1.0 \<0.5L or FEV1.0/FVC \<60%), history of venous thromboembolism (VTE) or high risk of thrombosis (hereditary/acquired thrombotic disorders), coagulation disorders (APTT ≥46 seconds or INR ≥1.7), stroke, or history of malignant tumors; anemia (according to WHO anemia diagnosis criteria, Hb \<130 g/L for males and \<120 g/L for females). 2. Patients undergoing TKA surgery with the assistance of robotic or navigation digital technology. 3. Presence of other contraindications to total knee arthroplasty, such as metal allergies.