Clinical Research Directory

The probe will be placed vertically 3 cm lateral to the T5 spinous process and the transverse process will be identified. The needle will be introduced in an in-plane fashion until the tip lay deep in the erector spinae muscle. One milliliter of normal saline will be injected to confirm the correct needle tip position by visualizing the spread under the erector spinae muscle. 20 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine will be injected .The needle will be directed aiming for the midpoint between the transverse process and pleura from cephalad to caudad. One milliliter of normal saline will be given to confirm the position of the needle tip, then a total of 20 ml of 0.25% ropivacaine will be injected

the transducer will be positioned laterally 3 cm to the midline at T5 spinous process, defining the spinous process, pleura, transverse process, the paravertebral (PV) space, and superior costotransverse ligament. The trapezius, rhomboid major, and erector spinae muscles will be recognized as superficial to the hyperechoic transverse process shadow. However, when the rhomboid major muscle disappeared, this indicated that we will be at the 7th thoracic vertebra's level. Local infiltration using 2-3 mL of 2.0% lignocaine will be done. A spinal 22-gauge needle will be injected at the cephalic side of the transducer using an in-plane technique, and the needle directed towards the costotransverse ligament (CTL). The passage of the needle through the CTL will be associated with a pop, informing that the superior costotransverse ligament will be passed. Following a 3 mL testing dose of normal saline containing epinephrine (1:200,000), 30 mL bupivacaine 0.25% injected.