Clinical Research Directory

Sleep restriction: a) Reduce bedtime to match actual sleep time, but ≥4.5 hours, and adjust bedtime according to sleep efficiency; b) Avoid daytime naps and maintain a regular wake-up time. Stimulus control: a) Reduce wakeful time in bed and rebuild a positive association between sleepiness and bed; b) Use the bed solely for sleeping and sexual activities; c) Only go to bed when feeling sleepy at night or at the designated sleep time; d) If unable to fall asleep within about 20 minutes of being in bed, leave the bedroom and engage in relaxation activities until feeling sleepy, then return to bed for sleep; if still unable to fall asleep within about 20 minutes, repeat the process; e) Wake up at the same time every morning, including weekends.

Sleep hygiene education: 1. Sleep until feeling refreshed the next day. 2. Maintain regular exercise and eating habits, avoiding going to bed on an empty stomach. 3. Ensure a comfortable bedroom environment with suitable nighttime temperature, free from light and noise disturbances. 4. Avoid excessive consumption of beverages, alcohol, and smoking at night, and reduce caffeine intake. 5. Avoid bringing problems to bed and refrain from attempting to sleep. 6. Place the alarm clock under the bed or move it away from sight.