Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients who meet the SLICC criteria * Patients with mild to moderate SLE (mild if SLEDAI-2K score \< 6 and moderate if SLEDAI-2K score: 6-12) * Aged 18-55 years * Willing to stop consuming vitamin D or multivitamin supplements containing vitamin D for at least 3 weeks before participating in the study * Willing to stop consuming probiotics that were previously taken for at least 1 week before participating in the study * If using prednisone, the dose must be stable (corticosteroid equivalent ≤ 20 mg/day) for at least 4 weeks before the study * Willing to sign informed consent Exclusion Criteria: * Patients with severe SLE * Patients with SLE with hypercalcemia (\> 2.60 mmol/l) * Patients with SLE with liver dysfunction: serum Aspartate Transferase (AST) - and Alanine Transferase (ALT) levels \> 2 times the normal value or total serum bilirubin \> 1.5 times the normal value * Patients undergoing hemodialysis or patients with serum creatinine \> 2.5 mg/dL * Pregnant patients * Patients with SLE with immunocompromised conditions such as HIV * Patients with SLE with chronic infections such as pulmonary tuberculosis * Patients currently undergoing antibiotic therapy Drop out criteria: * Patients who have been off medication for more than 3 weeks * Patients who have passed away * Patients who consume yogurt or supplements containing probiotics/synbiotics more than once consecutively in 1 week * Patients who experience a change in immunosuppressive agents during the study * Patients who are hospitalized due to a worsening condition during the intervention period * Loss to follow-up