Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Female, aged 18 to 65 years; 2. Clinically diagnosed with possible non-lactational (more than 6 months since stopping breastfeeding) granulomatous lobular mastitis or periductal mastitis. 3. Mscore ≤ 3 points; 4. Patients with ultrasound findings suggesting localized breast abscess formation must have undergone abscess drainage before enrollment; 5. After education, participants should have a strong willingness for observation and follow-up, and, after discussing with the primary physician, jointly decide to proceed with observation and follow-up; 6. Signed informed consent form. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Patients with confirmed or suspected breast malignancy; 2. Patients with bilateral mastitis (including those with bilateral simultaneous onset and those with sequential onset of non-lactational granulomatous mastitis); 3. Pregnant patients who are currently in the gestation period; 4. Patients who have had non-lactational mastitis in the same breast within the past year and have undergone treatments such as surgery, oral corticosteroids (for more than 2 weeks), anti-tuberculosis treatment (for more than 2 weeks), or ductal lavage therapy. 5. Patients who received surgery, oral corticosteroids, or anti-tuberculosis treatment for the non-lactational mastitis of the ipsilateral breast within 2 weeks before enrollment.