Inclusion Criteria:
1. Aged 18-75 years, male or female;
2. Histologically or cytologically confirmed extensive stage small cell lung cancer (according to the Veterans Lung Administration Lung Study Group, VALG stage);
3. ECOG performance status score 0 \~ 1;
4. No prior line of systemic therapy for ES-SCLC;
5. Liver metastases ≤ 3 at diagnosis;
6. Patients without previous brain metastases or treated asymptomatic CNS metastases,
7. Expected survival ≥ 12 weeks;
8. At least one measurable target lesion (according to RECISTv1.1 criteria) on imaging assessment (CT or MRI) within 4 weeks prior to enrollment;
9. The function of vital organs meets the requirements;
10. Female subjects of childbearing potential must have a negative serum pregnancy test within 7 days prior to the first dose and must agree to use effective contraception during the trial and 2 months after the last dose of adalimumab or 6 months after the chemotherapy agent, whichever is longer;
11. Patients voluntarily join this study, sign informed consent, have good compliance, and cooperate with follow-up.
Exclusion Criteria:
1. Histologically or cytologically determined as a mixed pathological type with components such as non-small cell lung cancer;
2. Active or untreated CNS metastases detected by computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) during the screening period and previous imaging assessments;
3. Spinal cord compression that is not relieved by surgery and/or radiotherapy;
4. Clinically symptomatic third space effusion requiring repeated drainage within 2 weeks, such as pericardial effusion, pleural effusion, and abdominal effusion that are still uncontrollable by pumping or other treatments;
5. Complicated with other malignant tumors ≤ 5 years before the first dose, except for adequately treated cervical carcinoma in situ, basal cell or squamous cell skin cancer, local prostate cancer after radical resection, and ductal carcinoma in situ after radical resection (hormone therapy for non-metastatic prostate cancer or breast cancer is allowed);
6. Patients with active, known, or suspected autoimmune disease. Patients with type 1 diabetes treated with stable doses of insulin, hypothyroidism requiring hormone replacement therapy only, and skin diseases (e.g., eczema, vitiligo, or psoriasis) not requiring systemic therapy and not exacerbated within the year before the screening period were excluded;
7. Patients diagnosed with immunodeficiency or receiving systemic glucocorticoid therapy or any other form of immunosuppressive therapy not directly related to tumor therapy within 7 days before the first dose of study drug; physiological doses of glucocorticoids (prednisone ≤ 10 mg/day or equivalent) are allowed;
8. HBsAg positive and HBV DNA copy number greater than the upper limit of normal (1000 copies/ml or 500 IU/ml), or HCV positive (HCV RNA or HCV Ab detection suggests acute and chronic infection); known HIV positive history or known acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS);
9. A history of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, interstitial pneumonia, tissue pneumonia (such as occlusive vasculitis), drug-induced pneumonia, radiation pneumonitis requiring steroid therapy or clinically symptomatic active pneumonia; or other severe lung disease that seriously affects lung function;
10. Patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) or history of active pulmonary tuberculosis infection ≤ 48 weeks before screening, regardless of treatment;
11. Presence of severe infection at randomization, including but not limited to infectious complications requiring hospitalization, bacteremia, severe pneumonia, etc.;
12. Major surgery within 28 days prior to randomization, or planned major surgery during the study period;
13. Use of live attenuated vaccines within 28 days prior to randomization, or anticipated need for live attenuated vaccines during the study;
14. Cardiac function and disease which is considered clinically significant by the investigator;
15. Patients who have previously received allogeneic bone marrow transplantation or solid organ transplantation;
16. Known hypersensitivity to the study drug or excipients, known serious allergic reactions to any monoclonal antibody; history of allergy to carboplatin/cisplatin or etoposide;
17. Received any other investigational drug or participated in another interventional clinical study within 4 weeks before signing the ICF;
18. Known mental illness, alcoholism, inability to quit smoking, drug abuse or drug abuse;
19. Pregnant or lactating women; as judged by the investigator, the patient has other factors that may cause forced halfway termination of this study, such as non-compliance with the protocol, other serious diseases (including mental illness) requiring concomitant treatment, severe laboratory abnormalities, accompanied by family or social factors, which may affect the safety of patients, or the collection of data and samples.
