Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients who require endoscopic surgery * Voluntarily participate in this study and sign informed consent in writing Exclusion Criteria: * Patients with malignant tumors with clinical stage IV * Those who require emergency surgery * Presence of active bleeding, severe abnormal coagulopathy (prothrombin time (PT) or international normalized ratio (INR) greater than 1.5 times the upper limit of normal), or platelet count \< 80×10\^9/L * Patient has severe cardiovascular or circulatory disease and cannot tolerate surgery * Participated in other clinical trials in the past 1 month * Inability to understand trial requirements, or inability to complete the study follow-up plan * Other conditions that are considered by the investigator to be inappropriate for enrollment