Clinical Research Directory

Study subjects Inclusion Criteria: * Kellgren-Lawrence Grade \>= 3 Exclusion Criteria: * Inflammatory arthropathy (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis), BMI \>=35 Control subjects: Exclusion Criteria: * Complaints of lower extremity joint pain * Known diagnosis of knee osteoarthpathy * Prior history of knee surgery, knee injections, or injury to knee joints (e.g., meniscus tears, ligamentous injuries), BMI \>=35 Both groups, exclusion: * Subjects with chronic heart problems, including, but not limited to, chronic hypertension, heart palpitations, a weak or irregular heartbeat, or a previous heart attack, * Subjects taking the following drugs within 12 hours of the experiment or during the experiment: caffeine, alcohol, psychoactive drugs, nicotine or marijuana, other recreational drugs, and medicine of any kind that is not normally taken daily. Such medications include; * NSAIDs * Acetaminophen * Steroidal anti-inflammatory agents * Bronchodilators * Appetite suppressants * Lipase inhibitors * Women who are currently pregnant * Subjects with Raynaud's syndrome * Subjects with any of the following conditions: active skin lesions where EDA sensors are, vertigo or dizziness, and anyone with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS), peripheral neuropathy, seizure disorders, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), impaired circulation, medical implants, open skin lesions, chronic eczema on hands where EDA and electrical stimulator's electrodes are attached, diabetes, and epilepsy. * Participants who have a skin sensitivity to metals, have a pacemaker or defibrillator, or have recent head trauma within the past two weeks (even without loss of consciousness) * Participants who cannot feel physical pain or have a history of self-harm