Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Solitary renal stone 7 to 20 mm in size or in the case of multiple stones the conglomerate diameter (additive maximal diameter of all stones on axial imaging of computed tomography) of 7-20 mm is required * Must be a suitable operative candidate for flexible ureteroscopy per American Urological Association guidelines * Must be able to give consent * Bilateral ureteroscopy will be permitted but only the first side (per surgeon discretion) will be included in the study * Surgeons participating in the study must be urological attending surgeons or fellows with subspecialty training in Endourology Exclusion Criteria: * Concomitant stones in the ureter * Prior ipsilateral upper urinary tract reconstructive procedures or history of ipsilateral ureteral stricture * Prior radiotherapy to the abdomen or pelvis * Neurogenic bladder or spinal cord injury * Pregnancy * Untreated UTI