Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients intubated with an endotracheal tube with or without a cuff, * Aged from 2 days post-term to 6 years, * On mechanical ventilation for at least 36 hours, And meeting the following extubation criteria: * Extubation planned by the medical team * Fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) ≤ 45%, * Oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximeter ≥ 95% or appropriate according to the pathology, * Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) ≤ 8 cmH2O, * Peak inspiratory pressure ≤ 22 cmH2O or presence of cough. * Affiliated with a social security system, * Collection of informed consent from the parental authority, by both parents or the legal guardian(s). Exclusion Criteria: * Refusal of consent by at least one parent or by the legal guardian(s), * Patient with a contraindication to IV-DXM: * Uncontrolled local or general infection, * Active viral infections (hepatitis, herpes, chickenpox, shingles), * Live vaccines, * Severe coagulation disorders, * Ongoing gastrointestinal bleeding, * Known hypersensitivity to IV-DXM or one of its excipients. * Patient participating in another interventional study involving human subjects or being in the exclusion period following a previous study involving human subjects, if applicable, * Patient receiving State Medical Aid, * Patient on long-term NIV, * Known upper airway pathology (UAP) before intubation or at the time of extubation, * History of UAP surgery within the month preceding inclusion, * Any situation deemed incompatible with the child's participation in the trial at the discretion of the investigating physician, * Decision to limit or stop therapeutic interventions. * Premature patients aged less than 40 weeks of gestation * Newborns aged less than 2 days after post-term birth