Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Age: ≥18 years old. 2. Patients with a history of oral potentially malignant disorders and still presenting any of the following potential malignant manifestations upon oral examination: (1) oral mucosal leukoplakia, (2) oral mucosal morphological changes (thickening, proliferation, etc.), (3) gingival atrophy, dark red gums, (4) oral mucosal ulcers, (5) white tongue coating changes, (6) oral mucosal erythema, blood blisters, etc. 3. History of one occurrence of invasive oral cancer/carcinoma in situ, and have undergone curative treatment. 4. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG PS) score of 0-1. 5. Adequate function of important organs and bone marrow: 1. Hematology parameters: absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 1.5×10\^9/L, platelet count (PLT) ≥ 100×10\^9/L, hemoglobin (HGB) ≥ 8g/dL. 2. Liver function: total bilirubin (TBIL) ≤ 1.5×upper limit of normal (ULN), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and/or aspartate transferase (AST) ≤ 2.5×ULN. 3. Renal function: serum creatinine (Cr) ≤ 1.5×ULN. 6. Written informed consent and willingness to comply with the protocol procedures and visits. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Patients who require adjuvant treatment such as radiation therapy or chemotherapy according to the assessment based on the malignant tumor treatment guidelines after the most recent oral cancer surgery (at least meeting any of the following criteria: T3-4, N2-3, DOI \> 5mm, positive surgical margins/ \< 5mm). 2. Patients who have undergone a major surgery or have unhealed wounds, ulcers, or fractures within 4 weeks before the first dose of study treatment. 3. Patients who received the last dose of radiotherapy or last dose of anti-tumor treatment (chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or tumor embolization, etc.) within 4 weeks before the first dose of study treatment. 4. History of exposure to any anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1, anti-PD-L2, or anti-CTLA-4 antibodies. 5. Concurrent participation in another interventional clinical study, unless participating in an observational (non-interventional) clinical study or in the follow-up phase of an interventional study. 6. Use of any investigational drug within 4 weeks before the first dose of study treatment. 7. Use of immunosuppressive medication within 4 weeks before the first dose of study treatment, excluding intranasal, inhaled, or topical corticosteroids or systemic corticosteroids at physiologic doses (≤ 10 mg/day prednisone or equivalent dose of other corticosteroids). 8. Vaccination with live attenuated vaccines within 4 weeks before the first dose of study treatment or planned administration during the study. 9. Active, known, or suspected autoimmune diseases or medical history of such diseases within the past 2 years (excluding vitiligo, psoriasis, alopecia, or Grave's disease that do not require systemic treatment within the past 2 years, well-controlled hypothyroidism requiring thyroid hormone replacement, and type 1 diabetes mellitus requiring insulin replacement therapy). 10. Confirmed immunodeficiency disease. 11. History of allogeneic organ transplantation (excluding corneal transplantation) or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. 12. Known allergy to any monoclonal antibody component. 13. Uncontrolled severe diseases. 14. Coexistence of other malignancies, except for: 1. Cured malignancy (e.g., papillary thyroid carcinoma). 2. Non-melanoma skin cancer or malignancy resembling melanoma with no evidence of disease recurrence after adequate treatment. 3. Carcinoma in situ with no evidence of disease recurrence after adequate treatment. 15. Pregnant or lactating patients. 5.4 Exclusion and Withdrawal Criteria.