Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: 1. confirmation of Bethesda III or IV on fine- needle aspiration and negative on Braf V600E test 2. no clinical or imaging evidences of extrathyroidal extension, lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis on ultrasound, neck and chest CT 3. refusal or ineligibility for surgery 4. follow-up time ≥12 months Exclusion Criteria: 1. follicular neoplasm or malignancy findings on biopsy 2. no suspicious of malignancy in US 3. patients with contra-lateral vocal cord paralysis 4. follow- up time less than 12 months