Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Patients of either sex aged \> 18 years; 2. Patients able to understand and sign an informed consent to participation and data collection. 3. Patients who have to undergo bronchoscopy, with or without echendoscopy, scheduled in the election, for diagnostic - staging reasons (BL or BAL with microbiological research, endobronchial biopsies, transbronchial biopsies in EBUS/EUS, EBUS/EUS-TBNA ilo-mediastinal lymph node station). 4. Patients who must undergo bronchoscopy, scheduled as an elective, for therapeutic reasons (bronchial toilet, mechanical or laser-assisted airway recanalisation) Exclusion Criteria: 1. Patients unable to understand and sign an informed consent to participation and data collection. 2. Interventional procedures performed as a matter of urgency or without prior adequate time to clarify the methodology and objectives of the study. 3. Hypersensitivity to investigational drugs (propofol, pethidine, midazolam, local anaesthetics such as lidocaine). 4. Pre-existing haemodynamic instability or clinical conditions that may predispose to such instability during the procedure. This includes patients with acute coronary syndrome within the last 4-6 weeks, those requiring treatment with inotropes or vasoactive drugs to maintain a PAS\>90 mmHg, and patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (FE \<40%), as defined by ESC guidelines. 5. Compromised respiratory exchanges already present before the procedure, including those requiring non-invasive ventilation (NIV), high-flow oxygen therapy via nasal cannulae (HFNC), those hospitalised for severe acute respiratory failure and patients on continuous home oxygen therapy (h24). This exclusion is necessary to avoid potential bias that could influence the study results and compromise their interpretation. 6. Inability to spontaneously protect the airways and manage bronchial secretions. 7. Pregnancy.