Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Clinical Criteria: * Children aged between 4 years and 7 years. * Mandibular primary molars with deep caries lesion involving pulp. * Mandibular primary molars that exhibit symptoms of irreversible pulpitis. * Normal gingival and periodontal condition, with no sensitivity to vestibular palpation, and no pain on percussion test. * No history of swelling, fistula or sinus tract related to the offending molar. 2. Radiographic criteria: * No sign of radiolucency in periapical or furcation area. * No widening of PDL space or loss of lamina dura continuity. * No evidence of internal/external pathologic root resorption. Exclusion Criteria: * Uncooperative children to avoid time waste and attrition bias. * Children with systemic disease as some systemic diseases may have effect on the outcome (Segura-Egea et al., 2023). * Lack of informed consent by the child patient's parent to be approved ethically. * Unable to attend follow-up visits to avoid attrition bias by decreasing number of drop off cases. * Refusal of participation as the parent of child has the authority of participation. * Teeth near exfoliation time showing root resorption.