Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Lower first permanent molar in active state of eruption * Patient and parent showing cooperation and compliance. * Medically free children. * According to space analysis available space is less than or equal to needed space * Primary molar loss in the last 1 week due to caries, infection, and resorption (to eliminate possible space loss) * Caries free, non-restored buccal surfaces of the mandibular second primary molars and deciduous canines. Exclusion Criteria: * Children with previous allergies to stainless steel. * There was less than one year left for the permanent tooth to erupt (to prevent possible abutment toot loss) * The patient's oral hygiene is not sufficient and has periodontal problems (to accurately assess the periodontal effects)