Clinical Research Directory

Infants with congenital heart disease and their primary caregivers who meet the following conditions will be admitted: 1. Infant Criteria: Inclusion Criteria: * Infants diagnosed with congenital heart disease and younger than 12 months at the time of enrollment. * Infants unable to meet their required oral feeding volume (10% of body weight = 100 ml/kg) at the time caregiving begins. * Infants who have undergone open-heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. * Infants assessed by physicians as ready to begin oral feeding training. Exclusion Criteria: * Corrected gestational age less than 32 weeks. * Infants with congenital conditions involving the mouth, throat, or esophagus (e.g., cleft palate, esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula). * Infants with congenital central nervous system disorders. * Infants consuming food via methods other than bottle feeding (e.g., spoon-feeding, complementary food, or solid food). * Infants whose primary feeding method is breastfeeding directly at the breast. 2. Primary Caregiver Criteria Inclusion Criteria: * Caregivers aged 18 years or older. * The infant's legal father or mother. * Caregivers who participate in at least two oral feeding sessions per day for the infant. Exclusion Criteria: * Caregivers unable to complete self-administered questionnaires.