Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Sixty obese prediabetic patients from both sexes with ages ranging from 30 to 40 years old. * Body mass index (BMI) ranging from 30 to 34.9 kg/m². * Insulin resistance as assessed by the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels above 1.9. * Blood glucose levels ranging from 100 to 125 mg/dL (5.6-6.9 mmol/L). * Patients will receive the same medical and diet regimen, with instructions not to change their physical activity during the study. * HbA1c levels between 6.0% and 6.5%, indicating high risk for diabetes and possible consideration for prevention interventions. Exclusion Criteria: * Uncontrolled diabetes. * Uncontrolled hypertension. * Cardiovascular disease. * Respiratory disease. * Hepatic disease. * Severe life-limiting illness (e.g., cancer). * Use of weight loss medications. * Orthopedic or neurological disorders that limit exercise participation. * Endocrine disorders. * Kidney disease.