Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria 1. Male and female patients aged 19 years or older with chronic atrial fibrillation, accompanied by at least one of the following conditions: ① Heart failure ② 2. Myocardial infarction (more than 3 months post-event) ③ 3. Angina (if PCI was performed, more than 3 months post-procedure) ④ 4. Hypertension ⑤ 5. Diabetes mellitus 2. Patients who started taking Factor Xa inhibitors (Apixaban, Rivaroxaban) within the last 12 months and have echocardiographic images taken within 3 months of that time, which are available for analysis. 3. Patients who are starting treatment with Factor Xa inhibitors. (Apixaban, Rivaroxaban) 4. Individuals who have voluntarily provided written consent to participate in this clinical trial. Exclusion Criteria 1. Patients with creatinine clearance (CCr) less than 15 ml/min. 2. Patients with moderate to severe mitral stenosis. 3. Patients who have undergone mechanical valve replacement 4. Patients with a history of clinically significant alcohol or drug abuse. 5. Patients whom the investigator deems legally or mentally unsuitable for participation in the clinical trial, or those who do not consent to participate in the study.