Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Smokers who smoke at least one cigarette daily for the past 12 months. * Exclusive users of heated tobacco products (e.g., IQOS), using them at least once daily for the past 12 months and not regular traditional cigarette smokers. * Non-smokers who have never consumed tobacco in any form. Exclusion Criteria: * Users of electronic cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, waterpipes, or any other tobacco products. * Dual users of tobacco products. * Individuals diagnosed with systemic diseases. * Edentulousness or severe tooth loss (fewer than 20 remaining teeth). * Individuals who have taken antibiotics, steroids, or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the past 90 days. * Pregnant or breastfeeding women. * History of periodontitis. * Individuals refusing to sign the written informed consent form. * Third molars are excluded from examination.