Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Participants aged 18-60 years diagnosed with perennial allergic rhinitis based on ARIA guidelines, who have previously consistently used intranasal corticosteroids for at least 2 weeks with inadequate control of nasal inflammation defined by a VAS score of ≥5 out of 10 and requiring dosage adjustment. Noted that proper technique should have been confirmed through retrospective questioning. Exclusion Criteria: * Those with a history of sinus surgery, nasal or sinus tumors (including polyps), significant deviated nasal septum causing symptoms, oral corticosteroid uses for any indication, immunodeficiency, pregnancy, breastfeeding, or suspected fungal sinusitis indicated by ischemic nasal tissue, fungal masses, bone erosion, or calcifications on imaging were excluded. Participants would be withdrawn if severe complications arise from the use of topical budesonide.