Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Age 18-80 years, regardless of gender. 2. Clinically or pathologically confirmed HCC. 3. CNLC stage IIb-IIIa, deemed unresectable after multidisciplinary evaluation. 4. No prior systemic chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy for HCC, or prior-treated patients with a best response of SD or PD. 5. At least one measurable, untreated lesion eligible for ablation, with the largest target lesion diameter \>5 cm. 6. ECOG PS 0-1 and an expected survival \>3 months. 7. Child-Pugh score ≤7. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Child-Pugh class C liver dysfunction. 2. Tumor thrombus in the main portal vein or hepatic vein. 3. Extensive metastatic disease with an expected survival \<3 months. 4. Severe dysfunction of major organs (liver, kidney, heart, lung, or brain). 5. History of esophageal/gastric variceal bleeding within the past month. 6. History of other malignancies. 7. Last anti-tumor therapy (e.g., radiotherapy, systemic chemotherapy, or local treatment) within \<1 month. 8. Active infection; HBV co-infection (HBV DNA ≥2000 IU/mL or ≥10⁴ copies/mL unless reduced by one log after antiviral therapy); HCV co-infection requiring guideline-directed antiviral treatment; HIV infection; or biliary tract inflammation. 9. History of organ transplantation or hepatic encephalopathy. 10. Uncorrectable coagulation disorders. 11. Refractory massive ascites, pleural effusion, or cachexia. 12. Pregnancy, impaired consciousness, or inability to comply with treatment. 13. High tumor burden (sum of the largest liver lesion diameter and number of liver lesions \>12). 14. Any other condition deemed unsuitable by investigators that may affect study participation.