Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * The participant is between the ages of 3 and 8 years. * The participant and their parent(s) have signed informed consent forms agreeing to participate in the study. * The patient is systemically healthy. * The patient's cooperation level is sufficient for performing the procedures. * No history of allergic reactions to the materials and substances to be used. * Mandibular primary molars diagnosed with pulp necrosis or irreversible pulpitis. * Presence of endodontic-origin gingival abscess or fistula in the involved teeth. * History of spontaneous pain. * Presence of radiolucency in the furcation or periapical region, not exceeding one-third of the affected area. * Presence of deep dentin caries causing pulp exposure. * Presence of mobility at level 0 or 1 according to Miller's classification (non-pathologic). * The tooth meets the criteria for restorability. * Root resorption does not exceed more than four-fifths of the root. * The tooth meets the criteria for isolation. Exclusion Criteria: * The participant is not between the ages of 3 and 8 years. * The participant and/or their parent(s) have not agreed to participate in the study or have not signed the informed consent forms. * The patient has a systemic disease. * The patient's cooperation level is insufficient to perform the procedures. * The patient has a history of allergic reactions to the materials and substances to be used. * Teeth with external or internal root resorption. * Mechanical or carious perforation of the pulp floor in the affected teeth. * Radiolucency and bone destruction in the furcation or periapical region exceeding one-third of the affected area. * Presence of caries that does not cause pulp exposure. * Pathological mobility according to Miller's classification (\>1 score). * The tooth does not meet the criteria for restorability. * Root resorption exceeds more than four-fifths of the root. * The tooth does not meet the criteria for isolation.