Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Aged 18-80 years; 2. Diagnosis of motor neuron disease at probable level or above based on Estorial criteria;12 3. Meet UMND ALS diagnosis criteria: at least three segments of upper motor neuron damage localized to 1-2 muscles, or EMG indicating loss of innervation in 1-2 muscles;13 4. Presence of lower limb dysfunction: Berg balance scale score below 40; 5. Capable of standing independently for more than 30 seconds and able to walk or walk with assistance; 6. Stable medication dosage for at least one month; 7. FVC \> 60%; 8. Signed informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: 1. History of substance abuse within the past 6 months; 2. History of epilepsy or first-degree relative with epilepsy; 3. Patients with severe systemic diseases in the heart, lungs, liver, or kidneys that cannot be controlled with routine medications, based on laboratory results; 4. Patients with severe depression or anxiety (HAMD-17 score ≥18; HAMA score ≥21) or diagnosed with other mental illnesses; 5. Patients with a life expectancy of less than one year due to reasons other than neurodegenerative diseases; 6. Pregnant women or those planning to become pregnant; 7. Individuals with a pacemaker, cochlear implant, or other metallic foreign bodies and any implanted electronic equipment, or those with contraindications for MRI scanning or TMS treatment, such as claustrophobia; 8. Patients who have received TMS, transcranial electrical stimulation, transcranial focused ultrasound, or other neuromodulation treatments within three months prior to enrollment; 9. Other abnormal examination results deemed unsuitable for participation by the research investigator; 10. Inability to cooperate for follow-ups due to geographical or other reasons; 11. Participation in other clinical research trials.