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Neurophysiological Mechanisms of Placebo and Nocebo Effects in Sports - a Protocol Paper
Sponsor: Canterbury Christ Church University
Summary
This clinical trial aims to investigate the neurophysiological mechanisms of placebo and nocebo effects on sports performance, using Electroencephalography (EEG) and isometric strength testing of the lower extremities. The primary objective of this trial is to identify temporal mechanisms and cortical regions and networks involved in generating placebo and nocebo effects before (expectation) and at onset of athletic performance (perception). The trial will include four groups, two of them experimental, one an active control and one natural history, meaning participants in this group will receive no intervention and won't be EEG controlled. Data will be collected on two occasions with baseline data for EEG, expectations and performance as well as key participant characteristics being collected on day one. On day two, in a deceptive process, participants in the two experimental groups will take an inert substance presented as either performance enhancing or inhibiting and subsequently experience a reinforcement of beliefs via exposure to explicit adjectives. EEG data will be collected during reinforcement of beliefs. In the active control group, participants will receive no substance, but this group will follow the same procedure as the experimental groups with neutral adjectives. Participants will then perform isometric strength and fatigue resistance tests on an isometric dynamometer. EEG data as well as subjective data on expectations and rating of perceived exhaustion will be collected.
Official title: Neurophysiological Mechanisms of Placebo and Nocebo Effects in Sports - Protocol Paper of a Randomised Controlled Study
Key Details
Gender
All
Age Range
18 Years - Any
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Enrollment
56
Start Date
2025-03-01
Completion Date
2025-12-31
Last Updated
2025-02-19
Healthy Volunteers
Yes
Conditions
Interventions
Positive Expectation
The lead researcher will deliver a short presentation (8 minutes) to participants informing them about the deceptive substance, presenting it as a performance enhancing neurostimulant,. Participants will be given the opportunity to ask questions and will receive a handout of the key points of the presentation. After the presentation, participants will be set up with a high-density EEG and given two inert pills filled with cornstarch. Participants will be reminded of the performance enhancing qualities of the deceptive substance by implicit adjectives on a screen. Afterwards, experimental performance outcomes will be collected using a dynamometer.
Negative Expectation
The lead researcher will deliver a short presentation (8 minutes) to participants informing them about the deceptive substance, presenting it as a performance inhibiting neuro-depressant. Participants will be given the opportunity to ask questions and will receive a handout of the key points of the presentation. After the presentation, participants will be set up with a high-density EEG and given two inert pills filled with cornstarch. Participants will be reminded of the performance inhibiting qualities of the deceptive substance by implicit adjectives on a screen. Afterwards, experimental performance outcomes will be collected using a dynamometer.
Control
The lead researcher will deliver a short presentation (8 minutes) to participants informing them about EEG research and set ups and give general information about isometric strength testing. They will be shown neutral adjectives unrelated to performance instead of implicit adjectives related to performance (experimental groups). EEG set up and strength testing remains the same as the experimental groups.
Locations (1)
Canterbury Christ Church University
Canterbury, Kent, United Kingdom