Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * • Patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery (Cardiopulmonary Bypass Grafting), with a maximum time on cardiopulmonary bypass of 120 minutes, will be screened for study eligibility. * The inclusion criteria are: 1. Age ≥ 18. 2. Receive elective cardiac surgery (CABG) involving CPB with maximum time on CPB 120 mins. 3. Admitted to ICU after the surgery. 4. With an arterial line and a central venous catheter in place. Exclusion Criteria: <!-- --> 1. Unwilling to provide consent. 2. Acute or chronic kidney disease before surgery 3. Acute or chronic hepatic insufficiency before surgery. 4. Malpositioning of the central venous catheter 5. Pregnant. 6. Patients with respiratory disorders such as COPD. 7. Patients with a BMI more than or equal to 40.