Clinical Research Directory

Ephedrine group: Inclusion Criteria: * underwent surgery (CPT code 1003143) * administered ephedrine on the day of surgery Exclusion Criteria: * received both vasopressors (ephedrine and norepinephrine) on the day of surgery. * patients who underwent neurology and neuromuscular surgery, cardiac surgery, and cardiac procedures * patients who were administered epinephrine or dopamine on the day of surgery * patients who were administered ephedrine or norepinephrine at any time within the 7 days following the day of surgery * a prior history of disorientation (ICD-10 code R41.0) or unspecified dementia (F03) Norepinephrine group: Inclusion Criteria: * underwent surgery (CPT code 1003143) * administered norepinephrine on the day of surgery Exclusion Criteria: * received both vasopressors (ephedrine and norepinephrine) on the day of surgery. * patients who underwent neurology and neuromuscular surgery, cardiac surgery, and cardiac procedures * patients who were administered epinephrine or dopamine on the day of surgery * patients who were administered ephedrine or norepinephrine at any time within the 7 days following the day of surgery * a prior history of disorientation (ICD-10 code R41.0) or unspecified dementia (F03)