Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients with type 2 diabetes mellites. * Patients diagnosed with diabetic maculopathies, including focal and diffuse maculopathies, according to Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) criteria * Patients with reduced or reduced vision (6/9-6/90) according to visual acuity and significant foveolar thickening on OCT (more than 250 μm) * Patients will be treated with intravitreal anti-VEGF treatment, aflibercept, or bevacizumab for three successive monthly injections. Exclusion Criteria: * Patients with type 1 diabetes mellites * Patients with type 2 on insulin therapy. * Patients who were previously treated with intravitreal anti-VEGF within the previous three months or intravitreal corticosteroids for six months * Prior macular photocoagulation or photodynamic therapy, prior intraocular surgeries within three months (laser \& surgery may cause edema) * Pregnant or nursing women * In patients with a history of thromboembolic events, systemic VEGF inhibition is likely to cause cardiovascular complications, such as arterial thromboembolic events. * Patients major surgery within the previous one year or planned within the next few months that may interfere with anti-VEGF treatment * Uncontrolled hypertension as hypertension is associated with the use of VEGF antagonists. * Known coagulation abnormalities or current use of anticoagulative medication other than aspirin. * Hemorrhagic macular infarction is reported with the use of VEGF antagonists. * Patients with intraocular pressure more than 25 mmHg * Presence of iris neovascularization/vitreous hemorrhage