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Influence of Food Texture on Appetite Control, Gastric Emptying, and Energy Expenditure
Sponsor: University of Kiel
Summary
The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of liquid versus semi-solid meals on the regulation of energy balance in healthy young adults.The main questions it aims to answer are: * Does a protein-rich liquid meal result in less satiety and therefore higher ad libitum energy intake at the next meal than an isocaloric oatmeal with the same macronutrient ratio? * Is the consumption of a protein-rich liquid meal as a beverage in addition to an ad libitum oatmeal less compensated within the meal and at the next meal and provides thus a higher ad libitum energy intake than an isovolumetric noncaloric soft drink in addition to an ad libitum oatmeal? Researchers will compare a protein-rich liquid meal to an isocaloric oatmeal with matched macronutrient composition to answer the first question. Researchers will compare a protein-rich liquid meal + oatmeal to a noncaloric softdrink (water with sucralose and flavoring) + oatmeal to answer the second question. Participants will: * spend 4 intervention days in a metabolic chamber (whole room indirect calorimeter) * consume pre-definied preloads for breakfast and ad libitum lunch meals on 4 intervention days
Key Details
Gender
All
Age Range
18 Years - 35 Years
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Enrollment
20
Start Date
2025-04
Completion Date
2026-03
Last Updated
2025-04-11
Healthy Volunteers
Yes
Interventions
liquid meal
An isocaloric amount (500 kcal) of a commercially available liquid meal with a matched macronutrient composition is consumed. After 5 hours, lunch is eaten ad libitum.
semi-solid meal
An isocaloric amount (500 kcal) of a commercially available semi-solid oatmeal with a matched macronutrient composition is consumed. After 5 hours, lunch is eaten ad libitum.
caloric drink + semi-solid meal
A predefined amount of a caloric drink (= liquid meal) together with an ad libitum amount of a semi-solid meal is consumed. After 5 hours, lunch is eaten ad libitum.
non-caloric drink + semi-solid meal
A predefined amount of a non-caloric drink (= water, sucralose, flavor) together with an ad libitum amount of a semi-solid meal is consumed. After 5 hours, lunch is eaten ad libitum.
Locations (1)
Kiel University, Institute of Human Nutrition
Kiel, Germany