Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: 1- Cooperative patients in the age group of (4-7) years with no associated systemic illness. 2- Bilateral mandibular primary molars showing signs and symptoms of pulp necrosis or chronic pulp infection with/without hemorrhage, suppuration, or purulence. 3- Spontaneous pain or tenderness to percussion. 4- Presence of chronic apical abscess, sinus tract, or grade I mobility. 5-The tooth should be restorable. 6- Radiographic characteristics are: 1. Widening of Periodontal ligament space. 2. Radicular involvement. 3. Furcation involvement less than or equal to half of the shortest root in the vertical dimension \- Exclusion Criteria: Exclusion criteria : 1. Physiologic root resorption is more than one-third of its length. 2. Excessive internal resorption. 3. Non-restorable teeth exhibiting greater than grade I mobility. 4. Perforation into the bifurcation. 5. Any underlying pathological lesion. 6. Any previous history of allergy to the antibiotics used in the study. -