Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Adults aged 40-75 years with a confirmed DXA-based diagnosis of osteopenia or osteoporosis (T-score ≤ -1.0). * Stable dietary habits and willingness to maintain current exercise regimen throughout the study. * Willingness to undergo genotyping for the VDR variant. For the VDR Variant Cohort: confirmed homozygous "unfavorable" variant (e.g., BsmI or ApaI). * For the Non-Variant Cohort: confirmed absence of the "unfavorable" allele (wild-type). Exclusion Criteria: * Current or recent (last 3 months) use of high-dose bisphosphonates, anabolic agents (e.g., teriparatide), or selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs). Known allergy or hypersensitivity to vitamin K or vitamin D supplements. * Severe renal or hepatic dysfunction, uncontrolled hyperthyroidism, or other significant comorbidities that could confound bone metabolism assessments. * Pregnancy or breastfeeding. * Inability or unwillingness to provide informed consent or to comply with study procedures.