Inclusion Criteria:
1. On the day of dosing, type 1 SMA age ≤180 days, type 2 SMA age \> 180 days ≤2 years, male or female.
2. Clinical history and physical signs are consistent with SMA manifestations; SMA was diagnosed by bilateral allelic SMN1 mutation (deletion or point mutation). Type 1 has 2 copies of SMN2 gene. Type 2 has ≤3 copies of SMN2 gene.
4.The subject's legal guardian understands the purpose, possible risks and interests of the study, agrees to participate in the study, completes all study procedures, tests and visits, and voluntarily signs the informed consent form.
5.During the study, the subject's legal guardian was willing to perform standard treatment requirements such as nasogastric feeding, noninvasive mechanical ventilation, and expectoration machine as recommended by the investigator.
Exclusion Criteria:
1. The presence of contraindications to lumbar puncture (including, but not limited to, signs or symptoms of skin infection at the administration site and elevated intracranial pressure), the receipt of any active intrathecal therapy, the presence of an implantable shunt tube for draining CSF, the presence of an implantable central nervous system (CSF) cannula, or any condition that interferes with CSF collection.
2. Imaging shows severe scoliosis (defined as curvature of the spine ≥ 50°).
3. Gestational age at birth was less than 35 weeks (245 days).
4. At screening, the subject had an oxygen saturation \< 95% while awake or sleeping and did not receive any supplemental oxygen or respiratory support.
5. Requirement of invasive ventilation or tracheotomy, or current use of noninvasive ventilatory support for an average of ≥ 12 hours/day.
6. Weighed below the 3rd percentile by age according to the WHO Child Growth Criteria (WHO 2009).
7. Before administration, if the subject has not received or delayed vaccination according to the current month-old national vaccination plan, it will significantly affect the safety of the subject as assessed by the investigator and the medical manager of the project team;
8. Active viral infections (including HIV, hepatitis B or C seropositivity, torch virus, Epstein-Barr virus, and syphilis).
9. Serious non-respiratory disease within 2 weeks prior to screening.
10. EXG001-307 has had an upper respiratory tract infection or lower respiratory tract infection within 4 weeks prior to administration, and still has relevant clinical symptoms or is still in an unstable state of disease.
11. Other severe infections or illnesses within 4 weeks prior to administration of EXG001-307.
12. A history of bacterial meningitis or brain or spinal cord disease, including tumors, or abnormalities found on an MRI or computed tomography scan that interfere with a lumbar puncture procedure or cerebrospinal fluid circulation.
13. There are currently clinically significant heart disease or electrocardiogram abnormalities that may affect the safety assessment of subjects.
14. Known hypersensitivity to prednisolone, other glucocorticoids, or its excipients；Or cannot tolerate oral or gastrostomy tube administration of corticosteroids.
15. Immunosuppressive therapy (eg, cyclosporine, tacrolimus, methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, rituximab) other than protocol-required prophylaxis within 3 months prior to dosing.
16. Immunomodulatory drugs (eg, thymosin, interferon, etc.) are being used to treat myopathy, neuritis, diabetes mellitus (eg, immunosuppressants, glucocorticoids, insulin).
17. Prior use of other SMA therapeutic agents (e.g., nosinasenat, rispolam, and Zolgensma, etc.) or participated in clinical studies with other SMA therapeutic agents.
18. Patients with type 2 SMA who had undergone scoliosis surgery or coxopexy in the 12 months prior to screening or were scheduled to undergo scoliosis surgery or coxopexy in the next 52 weeks.
19. Major surgery is expected during study treatment.
20. Other circumstances that, in the judgment of the investigator, are not suitable for participation in this study.
