Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Age\> 35 years old, gender is not limited; * Clinically confirmed MSA and clinically probable MSA according to the 2022 MDS MSA diagnostic criteria; * all patients had been ruled out of polyQ disease by genetic testing; * Voluntarily participate in this study and sign the informed consent form. Exclusion Criteria: * pregnancy or breastfeeding; * contraindications to MRI examination or inability to cooperate in completing neuroimaging examination; * previous history of other neurological disorders or presence of other organic intracranial lesions on neuroimaging that cannot be interpreted by MSA, such as epilepsy, trauma, tumors, or high-grade cerebral white matter degeneration (Fazekas grade 2 and above); * History of alcohol or drug abuse