Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * ● Children aged from 4 to 6 years. * Children of both genders. * Medically fit ASA I. * Children with badly decayed primary molars beyond repair and indicated for extraction. * Parents acceptance to participate in the study. * Cooperative children. * Antibiotics and painkillers have been stopped at least 12 hours prior to the procedure.(Özer et al., 2024) * Teeth with at least two-thirds of the root. Exclusion Criteria: * ● Uncooperative children. * Lack of informed consent by the child patient's parent to be approved ethically. * Unable to attend follow-up visits to avoid attrition bias by decreasing the number of drop off cases. * Medical history includes conditions such as prolonged bleeding, platelet disorders, hypersensitivity, allergic reactions to pain relievers, contraindications to laser therapy, and acute pain. * Teeth with root lengths less than two-third of the normal root length or those who experienced extensive iatrogenic trauma during tooth extraction.