Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients diagnosed with symptomatic PeAF at 18-75 years old who are eligible for the PFA procedure, and have any the following documentation, within 180 days of randomization of either: i. A 24-hour continuous ECG recording (from any regulatory cleared rhythm monitoring device) confirming continuous AF, OR ii. Two ECGs (from any regulatory cleared rhythm monitoring device) showing continuous AF taken at least 7 days，OR iii. physician note of persistent continuous AF for \> 7 days * The duration of AF lasting ≥ 1 year Exclusion Criteria: * PaAF or PeAF with duration \< 1 year * has received catheter ablation procedure for AF or atrial septal defect repair before enrollment * left atrial diameter ≥55 mm or thrombosis in the left atrium * eGFR\<30mL/min/1.73m2 * a history of cerebrovascular disease within the last three months (including stroke and transient ischemic attack) * acute or severe systemic infection * refused to participate in this trial; or those who have participated in other clinical drug trials within 3 months prior to enrollment * congenital heart disease, thyroid dysfunction, severe hepatic insufficiency (Child-Pugh classification B-C), severe coagulation dysfunction (international normalized ratio \> 1.5 or partial activated prothrombin time prolonged by ≥ 10 seconds, or plasma prothrombin time prolonged by ≥ 3 seconds, or fibrinogen ≤ 1.5 g/L), or active bleeding * pregnant women, breastfeeding women or women who plan to become pregnant during the study period, those who have a positive pregnancy test result during the screening period * life expectancy \< 12 months