Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Community-dwelling individuals aged 65 years and older who have not had a fall in the past year. 2. No neurological or musculoskeletal condition that would interfere with exercise performance. 3. Clear consciousness and able to communicate effectively. 4. Capable of reading and writing. 5. Able to understand the research explanation and provide informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Orthopedic, neurological, or vascular conditions that may affect vital signs such as dizziness, blood pressure instability, or fall risk during assessment. 2. Any history of musculoskeletal surgery within the past 6 months. 3. Physician-determined health status that contraindicates exercise participation. 4. Cognitive or literacy impairments that hinder understanding of study procedures.