Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: Women who had a history of BCRS with upper limb lymphedema. • Age range of 40-60 years. • The body mass index (BMI) is less than 30 Kg/m2. • Consciousness and ability to communicate orally or in writing. • Treatment by unilateral mastectomy with lymph node dissection. • No obvious abnormal spine morphology or postural abnormalities visible to the naked eye. • All participants had moderate lymphedema according to the lymphedema severity assessment. Exclusion Criteria: Patients with metastases. • Differences between lower limb length. • Having acute or chronic vestibular, neurological, and orthopedic diseases. • Surgery related to spine causing limitation of motion. • Women with psychiatric disorders, reconstructive surgery. • Bilateral mastectomy. Diagnosis with a neurological, skeletal, or rheumatic disorder or other disease that seriously affects body posture. • History of bodily injury such as a spinal, shoulder, or neck injury, resulting in permanent alteration of the normal body posture prior to the unilateral mastectomy. • Failure to complete follow-up for any reason over the course of the study. • Peripheral polyneuropathy, cognitive dysfunction. • Patients taking medication that affects body balance. • Severe arthritis or orthopedic conditions in their lower extremity • Poor conditioning, acute pain in any reason, • Neurological disorders including visual problems.