Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * adults aged \>18 years * Patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma histologically and/or radiologically (LI-RADS 4 or 5) * hepatocellular carcinoma 5cm or smaller * Tumor number is 3 or smaller * Dysmorphic intratumoral vessel is absent or smaller than 3 mm * Child-Pugh class A * ECOG 0 or 1 * the following lab should be met. A. Leukocytes ≥ 1,000/µL and ≤ 20,000/µL B. Hemoglobin ≥ 6.0 g/dL (transfusion allowed to meet this criterion) C. Total bilirubin ≤ 2.0 mg/dL D. Platelet ≥ 40,000/µL E. International normalized ratio (INR) ≤ 2.0 for patients not taking anticoagulants F. Aspartate transaminase (AST) ≤ 800 IU/L (i.e., ≤ 20X upper normal limit) G. Alanine transaminase (ALT) ≤ 800 IU/L (i.e., ≤ 20X upper normal limit) H. Creatinine ≤ 2.5 mg/dL (if patient is receiving hemodialysis, no upper limit of creatinine) * Patients with a life expectancy of \>3 mo * Patients who have adequately understood the clinical trial and consented in writing * Nonpregnant women of childbearing potential Exclusion Criteria: 1. Hepatic vein invasion on CT/MRI 2. Marked enhancement of portal vein or hepatic vein on arterial phase of CT/MRI 3. Dysmorphic intratumoral vessel ≥3mm 4. Patient with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt 5. Patient with bilioenteric anastomosis or biliary stent 6. Patient with centrilobular emphysema or interstitial lung disease 7. main portal vein invasion