Clinical Research Directory

We will study individuals with idiopathic mild-moderate Parkinson's Disease. Diagnosis will be confirmed by Dr. Narayanan - a neurologist. Inclusion criteria: GROUP 1: Parkinson's disease without cognitive impairment 1. Parkinson's disease, with MOCA \> 26 2. under stable PD medication 3. able to walk independently, make their own decisions 4. age range = 18 - 89 years old GROUP 2: Parkinson's disease with mild cognitive impairment 1. Parkinson's disease, with MOCA 23-26 2. under stable PD medication 3. able to walk independently, make their own decisions 4. age range = 18 - 89 years old GROUP 3: Parkinson's disease with dementia 1. Parkinson's disease, with MOCA \< 23 2. under stable PD medication 3. Make their own decisions 4. age range = 18 - 89 years old GROUP 4: Parkinson's disease with STN-DBS 1) Parkinson's disease with functioning bilateral STN-DBS electrodes 2) under stable PD medication 3) able to walk independently, make their own decisions 4) age range = 18 - 89 years old 5) THIS GROUP WILL NOT UNDERGO TMS GROUP 5: Parkinson's disease without DBS and with no seizure history for EEG-TMS study 1. Parkinson's disease with MOCA 23-30 2. under stable PD medication 3. able to walk independently, make their own decisions 4. age range = 18 - 89 years old GROUP 6: Essential tremor with VIM-DBS 1\) Essential tremor with functioning bilateral VIM-DBS electrodes 2) able to walk independently, make their own decisions 3) age range = 18 - 89 years old 4) THIS GROUP WILL NOT UNDERGO TMS GROUP 7: Parkinson's disease without DBS and with no seizure history for EEG-HD-tACS study 1) Parkinson's disease with MOCA 23-30 2) under stable PD medication 3) able to walk independently, make their own decisions 4) age range = 18 - 89 years old Exclusion criteria: Patients with dementia with Lewy Bodies and Alzheimer's disease, drug-induced parkinsonism, Parkinson's-plus, on investigational drugs, with hearing loss will be excluded, or with color-blindness will be excluded. Subjects with a history of neuropsychiatric disorders, like Schizophrenia or Depression will be also be excluded. For the TMS sub-study, PD patients with DBS leads will be excluded and any subject with a seizure disorder will also be excluded. For the HD-tACS sub-study, PD patients with DBS leads will be excluded and any subject with a seizure disorder will also be excluded. Control Group: patients with Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) A group of patients with AD and DLB will be recruited for the cognitive tasks to compare data with PD. Since AD is non-dopamine deficiency disease so they can serve as another control group for the study. Inclusion criteria: 1\) age range = 18 - 89 years old (will have to match with the age of subjects with Parkinson's Disease) Exclusion criteria: 1\) with any neurological disorders, including epilepsy Control Group: patients with mTBI A group of patients with mTBI will be recruited for the cognitive tasks to compare data with PD. Inclusion criteria: 1\) age range = 18 - 89 years old (will have to match with the age of subjects with Parkinson's Disease) Exclusion criteria: Control Group: patients with 16pDel Autism A group of patients with 16pDel Autism will be recruited for the cognitive tasks to compare data with PD. Inclusion criteria: 1\) age range = 18 - 89 years old (will have to match with the age of subjects with Parkinson's Disease) Exclusion criteria: Control Group: patients with Brain Lesions A group of patients with Brain Lesions will be recruited for the cognitive tasks to compare data with PD. Inclusion criteria: 1\) age range = 18 - 89 years old (will have to match with the age of subjects with Parkinson's Disease) Exclusion criteria: Control Group: Older Normal Subjects A group of older healthy individuals will be matched with subjects with Parkinson's disease in terms of age, sex, and years of education. We will also recruit a small group of older healthy individuals specifically to pilot new behavioral tasks. Inclusion criteria: 1\) age range = 35 - 99 years old (most of this group will have to match with the age of subjects with Parkinson's Disease. One subset from this group (N = 40) will be independent from the demographics of the subjects with Parkinson's Disease, so they can have a wider age range). Exclusion criteria: 1\) with any neurological disorders, including epilepsy Control Group: Older Subjects with Mood Disorders A group of older individuals with Mood Disorders will be recruited to perform cognitive tasks to compare data with both PD with Mood Disorders and PD without Mood Disorders. Inclusion criteria: 1\) age range = 18 - 89 years old (will have to match with the age of subjects with Parkinson's Disease) Exclusion criteria: 1\) with any neurological disorders, including epilepsy Control group: Healthy young and middle-aged adults * A group of healthy young and middle-aged adults without Parkinson's disease or other neurological issues. * 1\) age range = 18-60 years old * Exclusion criteria: 1) any neurological disorders, including epilepsy Control subjects' mothers \- The group of mothers of the healthy young adult control subjects.