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Effects of TPR and Z Techniques on Pain and Drug Leakage in Intramuscular Injections
Sponsor: Cumhuriyet University
Summary
This randomized, triple-blind clinical trial compares the effectiveness of Z-track and TPR (traction-pressure-release) techniques in reducing pain and medication leakage during ventrogluteal intramuscular injections. Pain is measured using VAS, and leakage is assessed with a millimeter scale. The study aims to identify a more efficient, less painful injection method.
Official title: Effects of TPR Technique and Z Technique on Pain and Drug Leakage in Intramuscular Injections
Key Details
Gender
All
Age Range
18 Years - 40 Years
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Enrollment
76
Start Date
2025-06-15
Completion Date
2025-08-25
Last Updated
2025-06-04
Healthy Volunteers
Yes
Conditions
Interventions
Z-track method
Z-track method, the skin will be pulled laterally by 2.5-3.5 cm before needle insertion at a 90-degree angle. After aspiration and injection, the needle will be withdrawn and the skin released immediately.
TPR method
TPR method, while the needle is inserted at a 90-degree angle, deep pressure will be applied to the muscle, then rapidly released to create a snapping motion that facilitates the injection. This technique relies on rapid muscle relaxation rather than needle movement by the dominant hand.
Locations (2)
Sivas Numune Hospital
Sivas, Turkey (Türkiye)
Sivas State Hospital
Sivas, Turkey (Türkiye)