Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: • 25-65 years old individuals Additional inclusion criteria for individuals with CLBP+I: * With or without insomnia * CLBP (LBP for at least 3 months with or without referred or radiating leg pain; pain intensity 1 or greater on 0 - 10 VAS scale * likely to participate in all scheduled evaluations and study procedures by self-report * agrees to abide by safely protocol e.g. not to drive or operate heavy machinery and perform heavy labor work, during the sleep-restriction period Exclusion Criteria: * spine compression, tumor, infection, history of spine surgery * neurological conditions such as stroke, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease or other cognitive impairments. * pregnancy * known untreated sleep disorder (such as current sleep apnea or current restless leg syndrome) screened by the following scales to ensure insomnia symptoms are due to insomnia and not another common sleep disorders: * Those with increased risk of sleep apnea * Increased risk of restless leg syndrome on RLS-Diagnosis Index * Increased risk of circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder * Increased risk of parasomnia * Moderate level of depression identified by Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) * Moderate level of anxiety identify by Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) * history of drug or alcohol abuse as defined by DSM-IV criteria within the last 2 years * severe mental illness such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorder * developmental history of learning disability or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder * is currently receiving CBT-I, physical therapy or chiropractic treatment * history of spinal surgery * current use of blood thinning medications * resting blood pressure greater than 160/90 mmHg40,49,50 * performs overnight shift work Additional exclusion criteria for HC individuals: • pain rating 0 out of 0 - 10 Numeric Rating Pain Scale in any parts of the body