Clinical Research Directory

Pre-operative fasting: NPO for solids and fluids from 00:00. No pre-emptive oral analgesia. Intra-operative: IV dexamethasone 5 mg at anaesthesia induction; IV acetaminophen 1 g about 1 h before wound closure. Post-operative nutrition: Levin tube removed in OR. POD1 morning-sips of water; POD3 morning upright abdominal X-ray; if normal, start soft fluid diet POD3 evening. POD4 pancreatobiliary CT; if normal, start soft bland diet at lunch. Drain management: two drains at hepaticojejunostomy and pancreaticojejunostomy; drain amylase measured POD1, 3 and 5; if POD4 CT normal, drains removable from POD5 per surgeon discretion (output, fever, pain). Analgesia: IV PCA until ≈POD3, then oral acetaminophen 650 mg every 8 h. No carbohydrate loading or NSAID/nefopam adjuncts.

Pre-op fasting: solids NPO from 00:00; clear fluids until 3 h pre-op; 300 mL carbohydrate drink 2-4 h pre-op with oral acetaminophen 650 mg + zaltoprofen 80 mg. Intra-op: IV dexamethasone 8 mg at induction; IV acetaminophen 1 g + ibuprofen 300 mg + nefopam 20 mg 1 h before closure. Post-op nutrition: Levin tube removed in OR. POD1 sips of water; POD2 morning upright abdominal X-ray-if normal, start soft fluid diet POD2 evening. POD3 pancreatobiliary CT-if normal, start soft bland diet at lunch. Drain mgmt: same placement; amylase POD1 \& 3; if POD4 CT normal and amylase ≤ 5 000 U/L trending down, remove drains POD4; otherwise per surgeon. Analgesia: IV PCA until ≈POD3; until POD1 morning, IV acetaminophen 1 g + ibuprofen 300 mg q8h; POD1-5, oral acetaminophen 650 mg + zaltoprofen 80 mg q8h.