Clinical Research Directory

1. Age ≥ 21 years 2. Vital or endodontically treated teeth 3. Abutments with no mobility 4. Abutments with adequate crown/root ratio more than 1:1 5. Willing and able to provide written informed consent 6. Ability to attend all follow-up appointments 7. Adequate oral hygiene as determined by the investigator And the following exclusion criteria: 1. Patients with active periodontal disease (probing depth \> 4mm, bleeding on probing) 2. Patients with parafunctional habits (e.g., bruxism confirmed by clinical examination) 3. Poor oral hygiene (plaque index \> 30%) 4. Pregnancy or nursing 5. Systemic diseases affecting treatment outcomes (e.g., uncontrolled diabetes, immunosuppression) 6. Known allergies to study materials (alloy, ceramic, or resin cement components) 7. Inability to comply with study requirements 8. Current participation in other dental clinical trials 9. Active orthodontic treatment