Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Female, age 18 to 45 years, right-handed; * Diagnosis of recurrent pregnancy loss, defined as two or more consecutive spontaneous miscarriages before 28 weeks of gestation; * Not currently pregnant, or diagnosed with missed abortion at the time of assessment; * Completed a structured psychiatric evaluation conducted by licensed psychiatrists at each center, with diagnostic confirmation according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5); * For participants assigned to the RPL with anxiety group: meets DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for generalized anxiety disorder, has a Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale score of at least 14, and has a 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score of 17 or lower; * For participants assigned to the RPL without anxiety group: does not meet DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for generalized anxiety disorder, has a Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale score below 14, and has a 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score of 17 or lower. Exclusion Criteria: * Use of psychotropic medication within the past month, including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, benzodiazepines, antipsychotics, or mood stabilizers; * Unstable or uncontrolled blood pressure, defined as systolic blood pressure greater than 180 mmHg or less than 90 mmHg at screening; * Major comorbid organic conditions that could affect autonomic or neural measurements, including hyperthyroidism, atrial fibrillation, clinically significant valvular heart disease, prior stroke, epilepsy, traumatic brain injury, or chronic pulmonary disease; * Significant sensory or communication barriers that could impair task performance or stimulus perception, including hearing impairment, language difficulty, or sensory neuropathy; * High suicide risk or severe psychiatric comorbidity, including psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder, or substance use disorders; * Marked intolerance to auditory, visual, or cold stimuli based on medical history or pre-test report; * Any other condition judged by the study physician to interfere with safe participation in the multisensory aversive stimulation protocol.