Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Elderly aged 65 years or older * Diagnosed with sarcopenia following AWGS guidelines - low appendicular skeletal muscle mass measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (Cutoff: Male \<7.0kg/m2, and female \<5.4kg/m2) AND low handgrip strength (Cutoff: Male \< 28kg, Female \<18 kg) OR low physical performance (6-metre walk, cutoff: \<1.0m/s or 5-time chair stand test \>=12s) * Diagnosed with a hip fracture from low-energy mechanism (e.g., falling from standing height) requiring an operation * Willing and able to comply with study protocol including follow-up evaluations. Exclusion Criteria: * open fracture * multiple fractures * pathological fractures e.g., tumour, infection, etc. * history of medication or disease affecting bone metabolism e.g., hypo/hyperthyroidism * malignancy * chairbound or bedbound (unable to perform assessments) * serious cognitive problems e.g., severe dementia (unable to agree for consent) - renal impairment with glomerular filtration rate \<30 mL/min * prior anti-osteoporotic medication e.g. bisphosphonates, denosumab, etc. * active infection, * severe malnutrition i.e. Mini Nutritional Assessment \< 17 points * serious neurological or neuromuscular conditions e.g. Parkinson's disease * uncontrolled chronic conditions e.g. poorly controlled diabetes mellitis * not anaesthetically fit for operation or conservative management