Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Age and Gender: Aged ≥ 75 years, regardless of gender. Surgery Type: Scheduled for elective spinal fusion surgery, including but not limited to lumbar, thoracic, and cervical spinal fusion surgeries. The surgeries are aimed at treating spinal degenerative diseases (such as lumbar disc herniation, lumbar spinal stenosis, etc.), spinal trauma, spinal deformities, etc. Nutritional Status: Willing and able to cooperate with nutritional assessments (such as Mini - Nutritional Assessment, MNA), and patients with any level of nutritional risk are included. Physical Condition: American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification Ⅰ - Ⅲ, meaning the physical condition is relatively tolerable for surgery, without severe failure of important organs such as the heart, lungs, liver, and kidneys, and without uncontrolled severe hypertension, diabetic ketoacidosis, and other acute complications. Cognitive and Communication Ability: Possessing basic cognitive and communication abilities, being able to understand the purpose, process, and relevant requirements of the study, and signing a written informed consent form. Life Expectancy: With a life expectancy of more than 1 year to facilitate long - term postoperative follow - up and assessment. Exclusion Criteria: * Severe Underlying Diseases: Presence of severe heart failure (New York Heart Association functional class Ⅳ), end - stage liver disease (such as decompensated liver cirrhosis with severe ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, etc.), end - stage renal disease (requiring maintenance dialysis treatment), end - stage malignant tumors, and other serious underlying diseases that severely affect life and health and recovery. Psychiatric and Neurological Diseases: Suffering from severe mental illnesses (such as schizophrenia, major depressive disorder in the acute phase and unable to cooperate with the study), Alzheimer's disease and unable to understand the content of the study, and serious neurological diseases (such as long - term bedridden patients with severe stroke and impaired consciousness). Contraindications to Nutritional Supplements: Allergic to the components of the nutritional supplements involved in the study (such as enteral nutrition powder mixture, low - sugar whole - protein enteral nutrition powder, etc.) or having severe intolerance. Recent Special Situations: Having a history of severe trauma or major surgery (other than the planned spinal fusion surgery) in the past 3 months; having a history of severe gastrointestinal diseases such as gastrointestinal bleeding and intestinal obstruction in the past 1 month. Others: Currently participating in other clinical trials that may affect the results of this study; having insurmountable compliance problems (such as failure to take nutritional supplements on time, refusal of follow - up, etc.).