Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients with chronic shoulder pain was aged 18 or more years old . * Shoulder pain lasting for more than three months which, after clinical evaluation, was positive in at least three of the following six clinical tests: (1) Hawkins impingement sign; (2) Neer's impingement sign; (3) painful arc sign; (4) Jobe's test; (5) Whipple's test; (6) shoulder pain elicited by resistance testing during shoulder abduction or external rotation. * Being conscious and oriented. * Able to read and write in Arabic. Exclusion Criteria: * History of shoulder surgery or planned shoulder surgery. * History of fracture, dislocation, or degenerative disease of the shoulder joint. * Active shoulder range of motion \<90 degrees of flexion or abduction or \<0 degrees of external rotation. * Cervical radiculopathy or examination that caused shoulder pain/reduced range of motion after repetitive neck movements. * Other serious orthopedic problems.