Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Adults ≥ 18 years old, have autonomous capacity; 2. Subjects who are required to undergo intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography according to the current clinical practice standards; 3. Agree to participate in this study and have signed the subject Informed Consent Form. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Subjects who have been previously enrolled in this study or are participating in other clinical trials; 2. Subjects with any medical emergency condition requiring urgent treatment; 3. Pregnant females; 4. Subjects with absolute contraindications of TEE (congenital or acquired upper digestive tract diseases, such as active upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, esophageal obstruction or stenosis, esophageal tumor, esophageal lacerations and perforations, esophageal diverticula) or relative contraindications (changes in consciousness or lack of cooperation, history of cervical and mediastinal radiotherapy, history of recent esophageal surgery, esophageal varicosity, clotting disorders, cervical disease and injury, active esophagitis, active gastrointestinal ulcers, hiatal hernia, poor cardiopulmonary function, airway damage, pharyngeal space-occupying lesions, etc.), who are expected to be at high risks; 5. Any other subjects who should not participate in this study in the investigator's opinion.